CDITEC Bachillerato

Conditional Sentences Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses. They are used to express that the action in the main clause (without  if ) can only take place if a certain condition (in the clause with  if ) is fulfilled. There are three types of Conditional Sentences. Conditional Sentence Type 1 → It is possible and also  very likely  that the condition will be fulfilled. Form:   if  +  Simple Present ,  will-Future Example:  If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation. VIDEO ACTIVITY https://drive.google.com/file/d/1QS-01uxs7FVUxQEBrmDUbIF9ugRlI-uR/view?usp=sharing

Past Perfect Simple The past perfect simple expresses an action taking place before a certain time in the past. Form of Past Perfect Simple   Positive Negative Question no differences I had spoken. I had not spoken. Had I spoken? For irregular verbs, use the past participle form (see  list of irregular verbs , 3rd column). For regular verbs, just add  ed . Exceptions in Spelling when Adding  ed Exceptions in Spelling when Adding  ed Example after final  e , only add  d love – loved final consonant after a short, stressed vowel or  l  as final consonant after a vowel is doubled admit – admitted travel – travelled final  y  after a consonant becomes  i hurry – hurried Use of Past Perfect action taking place before a certain time in the past (putting emphasis only on the fact, not the duration) Example: Before I came here, I  had spoken  to Jack. Conditional Sentences  Type III (condi...

Present Perfect Progressive Present Perfect Continuous The present perfect progressive expresses an action that recently stopped or is still going on. It puts emphasis on the duration or course of the action. Form of Present Perfect Progressive   Positive Negative Question I / you / we / they I have been speaking. I have not been speaking. Have I been speaking? he / she / it He has been speaking. He has not been speaking. Has he been speaking? Exceptions in Spelling Exceptions in spelling when adding  ing Example final  e  is dropped (but:  ee  is not changed) come – coming (but: agree – agreeing) after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled sit – si tt ing l  as final consonant after a vowel is doubled (in British English) travel – trave ll ing final  ie  becomes  y lie – l y ing Use of Present Perfect Progressive puts emphasis on the duration or course of an a...

What is a Sentence Fragment? Sentence fragments are groups of words that look like sentences, but aren't. To be a sentence, groups of words need to have at least one independent clause. An independent clause is any group of words that contain both a subject and a verb and can stand on its own. For example, 'I like cheeseburgers' is an independent clause. Sentence fragments never have independent clauses, but instead are dependent clauses or phrases. Fragments can masquerade as real sentences because they begin with a capital letter and end with a period. If you read them more closely, you'll see that fragments don't form a complete thought. A sentence fragment is a little like having only half of the pieces to a puzzle. Without all the pieces, you won't have the whole picture. VIDEO Where to Find Sentence Fragments Sentence fragments usually appear before or after the independent clauses to which they belong. For example: When we got in t...

Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Simple The present perfect simple expresses an action that is still going on or that stopped recently, but has an influence on the present. It puts emphasis on the result. Form of Present Perfect Positive Negative Question I / you / we / they I have spoken. I have not spoken. Have I spoken? he / she / it He has spoken. He has not spoken. Has he spoken? For irregular verbs, use the participle form (see  list of irregular verbs , 3rd column). For regular verbs, just add  “ ed ” . Exceptions in Spelling when Adding  ‘ ed ’ Exceptions in spelling when adding  ed Example after a final  e  only add  d love – loved final consonant after a short, stressed vowel or  l  as final consonant after a vowel is doubled admit – admitted travel – travelled final  y  after a consonant becomes  i hurry – hurried VIDEO ACT...

What are comparatives? Comparative adjectives are used to compare differences between the two objects they modify ( larger, smaller, faster, higher ). They are used in sentences where two nouns are compared, in this pattern: Noun (subject) + verb + comparative adjective +  than  + noun (object). The second item of comparison can be omitted if it is clear from the context (final example below). Jim and Jack are both my friends, but I like Jack  better . ("than Jim" is understood) We use  comparative  adjectives   to show change or make comparisons: This car is certainly  better  but it’s much  more expensive . I’m feeling  happier  now. We need a  bigger  garden We use  than   when we want to  compare one thing with another : She is two years older  than  me. New York is much bigger  than  Boston. He is a better player  than  Ron...

Abbreviations used in emails and text messages THERE ARE A LOT OF ACRONYMS THAT ARE USED IN AN INFORMAL CONTEXT! IN THIS VIDEO YOU WILL SEE THEM: VIDEO ACTIVITY https://drive.google.com/file/d/1tZR-kfCdVe1pXcsSt6m9wNac6VRMcEHw/view?usp=sharing

Abbreviations and acronyms Abbreviations and acronyms are  shorter versions  of existing words and phrases. They're designed to save time and take up less space (whether you're typing or writing by hand), and can even make your writing easier to read. What is an abbreviation? Abbreviations are all around us, from common titles like  Dr.  and  Prof.  to the abbreviations you see on  street signs . Specifically, abbreviations are  shorter spellings of words and expressions we use every day. What is an acronym? You might already know some acronyms, like  NASA  (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) and  ATM  (automated teller machine). An acronym is a  stand-in  for a string of words, usually an organization name, slogan, or something else equally wordy. Unlike abbreviations, they aren't shorter spellings of words—they're made up of the words'  initials . Using abbreviations Abbreviations a...

Let's read! In this activity you will read about technology, and you will answer some questions too!. VIDEO ACTIVTY https://drive.google.com/file/d/1tKL44M-Jr8yP-BJnvJY4k7EwcdIoKMfP/view?usp=sharing

TECHNOLOGY WHAT IS YOUR FAVORITE TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY Here you have some examples! VIDEO VIDEO ACTIVITY: DESCRIBE YOUR FAVORITE TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY IN YOUR NOTEBOOK, DESCRIBE WHY.

What is an Adverb? Goal: Students will learn about adverbs and their function. Adverbs are a very broad collection of words that may describe how, where, or when an action took place. They may also express the viewpoint of the speaker about the action, the intensity of an adjective or another adverb, or several other functions.  Traditionally considered to be a single part of speech, adverbs perform a wide variety of functions, which makes it difficult to treat them as a single, unified category. Adverbs normally carry out these functions by answering questions such as: When? She  always  arrives early. How? He drives  carefully . Where? They go  everywhere  together. In what way? She eats  slowly . To what extent? It is  terribly  hot. It’s easy to identify adverbs in these sentences. Adverbs and Verbs One of the things adverbs do is modify verbs. This means that they describe the way an a...

What Are Adjectives? Adjectives are words that describe the qualities or states of being of nouns:  enormous, doglike, silly, yellow, fun, fast . They can also describe the quantity of nouns:  many, few, millions, eleven . Adjectives Modify Nouns Adjectives are words that modify (describe) nouns. Adjectives do not modify verbs or adverbs or other adjectives. Examples Margot wore a  beautiful  hat to the pie-eating contest. Furry  dogs may overheat in the summertime. The  scariest  villain of all time is Darth Vader. Adjectives can be placed in a sentence in two different ways: Before the noun: A beautiful flower. A strong man. An ugly animal. After de noun. The woman is pretty. The book is boring. My shoes are expensive. Watch this video: video Activity Complete the sentences with adjectives from the table: favourite difficult pink busy noisy blue important sad red ...

VERB PATTERNS PART 2 WATCH THIS VIDEO IT WILL HELP YOU TO HAVE A BETTER UNDERSTANDING ABOUT VERB PATTERNS VIDEO ACTIVITY DON'T FORGET TO ASK YOUR TEACHER IF YOU NEED ANY HELP. https://drive.google.com/file/d/11_V4AoFY5zdIgDrd-YmUPSIc7HOMHmxH/view?usp=sharing

Verb patterns Sometimes in a sentence, one verb follows another. For example, I want to buy an electric car. The  first verb  is 'want', the  second verb  is 'buy'. In sentences like this, there are different possible patterns. For example: (a) I want  to buy  an electric car. (b) I hate  driving . In sentence A, the first verb is followed by  an infinitive . In sentence B, the first verb is followed by  a gerund (-ing) form . The verb patterns are dependent upon the first verb. There are  several different types of pattern . When you learn a new verb, you need to learn the verb pattern. Unfortunately, some verbs have more than one possible pattern! Sometimes, if a verb has two patterns, each pattern can have a different meaning or use. Here are examples of some of the patterns: Verb + to + verb: These verbs all use this pattern: want, hope, decide, agree. I  want to work  with Dr. Laver. ...

Run-ons and comma splices A run-on sentence doesn’t separate any of its independent clauses with the punctuation that it needs, and a comma splice incorrectly separates two independent clauses with a comma, instead of a comma-and-coordinating-conjunction.  VIDEO ACTIVITY https://drive.google.com/file/d/14TmF275x-ZorbFn6UFDp0H96b1KeJLkU/view?usp=sharing https://drive.google.com/file/d/1yD6Jon7J6GZWcauZjCdSHMQM8tl3scdD/view?usp=sharing

Simple Present (Present Simple) The simple present (also called present simple or present indefinite) is a  verb tense  which is used to show repetition, habit or generalization. Less commonly, the simple present can be used to talk about scheduled actions in the near future and, in some cases, actions happening now. Read on for detailed descriptions, examples, and simple present exercises. Simple Present Forms The simple present is just the base form of the verb. Questions are made with  do  and negative forms are made with  do not . Statement: You  speak  English. Question:  Do  you  speak  English? Negative: You  do not speak  English. In the third person singular,  -s  or  -es  is added. Questions are made with  does  and negative forms are made with  does not . Statement: He  speaks  English. Question:  Does  he  speak ...

Infinitive Verb Do you know the difference between an infinitive verb and a base verb? Or, do you know when and how do you use infinitive verbs? These questions, and their answers are the key to understanding the uses of an infinitive verb. Defining an Infinitive Verb Basically, an infinitive verb is a  verb  with the word “to” in front of it. to be to have to hold to sleep to dream When you use an infinitive verb, the “to” is a part of the verb. It is not acting as a preposition in this case. And the verb is always just the verb. It’s not conjugated in anyway – no -ed, no -ing, no -s on the end. Sometimes you’ll see sentences like this: She went from kissing him to slapping him in no time. You see “to slapping,” and it’s easy to think that’s an infinitive verb, but it isn’t. It’s a  preposition  (to) and a gerund (slapping). You can tell it’s not an infinitive because of the -ing on the end of the verb. Infinitives never have an -ing ending. ...